{"id":2076,"date":"2024-07-29T08:36:28","date_gmt":"2024-07-29T08:36:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/imesh.ai\/blog\/?p=2076"},"modified":"2024-07-29T08:36:30","modified_gmt":"2024-07-29T08:36:30","slug":"istio-ambient-mesh-performance-test-and-benchmarking","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/imesh.ai\/blog\/istio-ambient-mesh-performance-test-and-benchmarking\/","title":{"rendered":"Istio Ambient Mesh Performance Test and Benchmarking"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Istio is the most popular service mesh, but the DevOps and SREs community constantly complain about its performance. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Istio Ambient is a sidecar-less approach by the Istio committee (majorly driven by SOLO.io) to improve performance. Since there are many promotions about Ambient mesh being production-ready, many of our prospects and enterprises are generally eager to try or migrate to Ambient mesh. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Architecturally, the Istio Ambient mesh is a great design that improves performance. But whether it performs quickly is still a question<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We have tried Istio Ambient Mesh and observed the performance countless times between January 2024 and July 2024, and we <\/strong>have yet to see any significant performance gains<\/strong>.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Below is the lab setup on which we ran our experiments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lab setup to load test Istio Ambient Mesh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Load testing tool: Fortio<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Application configuration:\u00a0 Bookinfo\u00a0 Application<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Total requests fired: 1000 queries\/second (QPS), 10 connections, and for 30 seconds.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Cluster Configuration: Azure (AKS) clusters with 3 nodes<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Node Configuration: 2 VCPU <\/strong>and 7GB memory <\/strong>for each node<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. CNI used: Kube CNI and Cilium. (We did not use Flannel because it was not working well with AKS.)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Note:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Application and Fortio are kept in different nodes:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n
      \n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
        \n
      1. We have exposed the Rating<\/strong> microservice and NOT Details service<\/strong> to handle external traffic. Because the Details<\/strong> microservice is written in Ruby, it is unfit for handling higher QPS. We sent a load of 100 QPS and 1000 QPS to the Details<\/strong> service without Istio, and the p99 latency for 100 QPS is around 6 ms, but it goes up to 50 ms for 1000 QPS. Refer to the screenshot below.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n
        \n
        \"Kube<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

        Fig: Performance results of Details <\/strong>service at 1000 QPS with Kube CNI + Without Istio <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"Kube<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        Fig: Performance results of Details <\/strong>service at 1000 QPS with Kube CNI + with Istio sidecar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Performance test on Istio Ambient Mesh with Kube CNI and Cilium<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        We have carried out the performance or load test for the following cases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        1. Kube CNI\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. Kube CNI + Istio sidecar (mTLS enabled)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. Kube CNI + Istio Ambient mesh (mTLS enabled)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        4. Cilium CNI<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        5. Cilium CNI + Istio sidecar (mTLS enabled)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        6. Cilium CNI + Istio Ambient mesh (mTLS enabled)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          Although we have tested each case multiple times, we have attached only three screenshots to showcase the standard deviation of P99 latency in each case. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Load test results for Kube CNI without Istio <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          Observed (Median) P99 latency: 1.12ms<\/p>\n\n\n

          \n
          \"Kube<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          Fig 1: Kube CNI + Without Istio<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

          \n
          \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          Fig 2: Kube CNI + Without Istio<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Load test of Kube CNI and Istio sidecar (mTLS enabled)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          Observed (Median) P99 latency: 4.72 ms<\/p>\n\n\n

          \n
          \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          Fig3: Kube CNI + With Istio Sidecar (mtLS enabled)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

          \n
          \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          Fig4: Kube CNI + With Istio Sidecar (mtLS enabled)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          Fig5: Kube CNI + With Istio Sidecar (mtLS enabled)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Load test of Kube CNI and Istio Ambient mesh (mTLS enabled)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          Observed (Median) P99 latency: 3.6 ms<\/p>\n\n\n

          \n
          \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          Fig6: Kube CNI + With Istio Ambient (mtLS enabled)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

          \n
          \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          Fig7: Kube CNI + With Istio Ambient (mtLS enabled)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

          \n
          \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          Fig8: Kube CNI + With Istio Ambient (mtLS enabled)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Load test of Cilium CNI without Istio<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          Observed (Median) P99 latency: 4.5 ms<\/p>\n\n\n

          \n
          \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          Fig9: Cilium CNI + Without Istio<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

          \n
          \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          Fig10: Cilium CNI + Without Istio<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

          \n
          \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          Fig11: Cilium CNI + Without Istio<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Load test of Cilium CNI and Istio sidecar (mTLS enabled)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          Observed (Median) P99 latency: 8.8 ms<\/p>\n\n\n

          \n
          \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          Fig12: Cilium CNI + With Istio Sidecar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          Fig13: Cilium CNI + With Istio Sidecar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

          \n
          \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          Fig14: Cilium CNI + With Istio Sidecar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Load test of Cilium CNI and Istio Ambient mesh (mTLS enabled)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          Observed (Median) P99 latency: 6.8 ms<\/p>\n\n\n

          \n
          \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          Fig15: Cilium CNI + With Istio Ambient<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

          \n
          \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          Fig16: Cilium CNI + With Istio Ambient<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          Fig17: Cilium CNI + With Istio Ambient<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Final load test results and benchmarking of Rating service with and without Istio<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          Here are the benchmarking results for the p99 latency of the Rating service with and without Istio (sidecar and Ambient mesh). <\/p>\n\n\n

          \n
          \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          Three items are concluded from the experimentation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          1. The performance of Istio Ambient mesh will never give you thunderbolt improvements over latency when compared with plain Kube CNI. Note that using Ztunnel<\/em><\/strong> for encryption still involves network hops, which will increase the latency. Yes, it is better than Istio sidecar architecture.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. Irrespective of the CNI used, the performance (p99 latency) of the Istio Ambient Mesh is 20% better<\/strong> than that of the Istio sidecar.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          3. Combining Cilium and Istio (sidecar or Ambient) produces undesirable results. If you are looking for performance improvements, you should avoid this mix.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Introduction Istio is the most popular service mesh, but the DevOps and<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2101,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[63],"tags":[53,104],"class_list":["post-2076","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ambient-mesh","tag-istio","tag-istio-ambient-mesh"],"yoast_head":"\nIstio Ambient Mesh Performance Test and Benchmarking<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"DevOps, SREs and Cloud team must understand the performance gains of Ambient Mesh before considering Istio Ambient mesh for enterprise setup\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/imesh.ai\/blog\/istio-ambient-mesh-performance-test-and-benchmarking\/\" \/>\n<meta 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He firmly believes serendipity happens to diligent and righteous people.","sameAs":["https:\/\/imesh.ai"],"url":"https:\/\/imesh.ai\/blog\/author\/debasreeimesh-ai\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/imesh.ai\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Istio-Ambient-Mesh-Performance-Test-and-Benchmarking.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imesh.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2076","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imesh.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imesh.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imesh.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imesh.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2076"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/imesh.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2076\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2104,"href":"https:\/\/imesh.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2076\/revisions\/2104"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imesh.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2101"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imesh.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2076"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imesh.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2076"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imesh.ai\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2076"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}